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GROW SMART, GROW SAFE

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Note: Products lower in the table are more hazardous.  Differences between close-ranking products may not be significant.
 
 
 
 		 HAZARDS Active
Ingredients
Human
Toxicity		 Pets &
Wildlife		 Aquatic
Life		 Water
Pollution
Insects
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Beneficial insects / ladybugs
Squish / swat / stomp
Water spray
Black & Decker® Ultrasonic Pest Repeller
Bug zappers electric charge
Mountain Bluebird® Spider Elimination Kit sticky glue
Oak Stump Farms® Aphid Chaser pheromone
Oak Stump Farms® Apple Maggot Trap bait
Oak Stump Farms® Codling Moth Trap bait
Oak Stump Farms® Fly Lure bait
Oak Stump Farms® Mosquito and Flying Insect Bait Trap pheromone
Oak Stump Farms® Yellow Jacket & Wasp Trap (or Lure) bait
Pic® Fly Ribbon sticky glue
Pic® Window Fly Trap sticky glue
Pic® Yellow Jacket & Wasp Trap bait
Raid® Disposable Yellow Jacket Trap attractant
Raid® Yellow Jacket Trap attractant
Real Kill® Household Pest Glue Boards
Rescue® Fly Trap (and Attractant) attractant
Rescue® Yellow Jacket Trap (and Attractant) attractant
Safer® Gypsy Moth Trap pheromone
Safer® Sticky Whitefly Trap sticky glue
Seabright Laboratories Sticky Thrip Leafminer Trap sticky glue
Tanglefoot® Codling Moth Trap pheromone
Tanglefoot® Sticky Tree Bands sticky glue
Tanglefoot® Tree Tangle Foot Pest Barrier sticky glue
Victor® Fly Magnet™ Bag Trap pheromone
Victor® Flycatcher Fly Ribbon sticky glue
Victor® Poison-Free® Disposable Fly Traps with Bait bait
Victor® Poison-Free® Hobo Spider Trap pheromone
Victor® Window Fly Trap sticky glue
Victor® Yellow Jacket Magnet® Bag Trap attractant
Low-toxicity pesticides, EPA exempt
Lowest hazard
New Mountain 100% Natural Sandalwood Mosquito Sticks® citronella & citronella oil, geraniol
Off® Citronella Bucket citronella & citronella oil
Organocide™ Organic Insecticide & Fungicide sesame & sesame oil
Pharm Solutions Flower Pharm cottonseed oil, rosemary & rosemary oil, cinnamon & cinnamon oil
Pharm Solutions Garlic Pharm garlic & garlic oil
Pharm Solutions Oil Pharm Organic Summer Oil soybean oil, rosemary & rosemary oil
Pharm Solutions Rose Pharm cottonseed oil, rosemary & rosemary oil, peppermint & peppermint oil
Pharm Solutions Veggie Pharm cottonseed oil, peppermint & peppermint oil, rosemary & rosemary oil
Pic® Citronella Sticks citronella & citronella oil
Schawbel Colorfusion™ Citronella Candle citronella & citronella oil
Scotts® Outdoor Defense Citronella Candle citronella & citronella oil
Victor® Poison-Free® Ant & Roach Killer mint & mint oil
Victor® Poison-Free® Flying Insect Killer mint & mint oil
Victor® Poison-Free® Wasp & Hornet Killer mint & mint oil
Rescue® WHY Trap for wasps, hornets & yellow jackets
EcoSmart Organic™ Garden Insect Killer rosemary & rosemary oil, peppermint & peppermint oil, thyme & thyme oil
EcoSmart Organic™ Home Pest Control 2-phenethyl propionate, cloves & clove oil, rosemary & rosemary oil
Ortho® elementals™ Home Insect Killer soybean oil
EcoSmart Organic™ Insect Killer 2-phenethyl propionate, sodium lauryl sulfate, eugenol
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Bonide® Rose™ Rx 3 in 1 neem oil
Green Light® Rose Defense® RTU neem oil
Safer® 3 in 1 Garden Spray 2 RTU potassium salt of fatty acids, sulfur
Safer® Ant & Crawling Insect Killer silicon dioxide
Safer® Diatomaceous Earth silicon dioxide
VPG Natural Guard Crawling Insect Control silicon dioxide
Green Light® Rose Defense® 70% neem oil
Safer® 3 in 1 Garden Spray 2 Concentrate potassium salt of fatty acids, sulfur
Espoma® Earth-tone® Insecticidal Soap potassium salt of fatty acids
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Insecticidal Soap potassium salt of fatty acids
Ortho® elementals™ Insecticide Soap potassium salt of fatty acids
Raid® Earth Options Ant & Roach Killer eugenol, 2-phenethyl propionate
Safer® Caterpillar Killer bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Safer® Fruit & Vegetable Insect Killer II potassium salt of fatty acids
Safer® Garden Dust bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Safer® Insect Killing Soap potassium salt of fatty acids
Safer® Rose & Flower Insect Killer II potassium salt of fatty acids
Spectracide® Ant Shield® Home Barrier Granules 2 lambda cyhalothrin
Spectracide® Bug Stop® Indoor Plus Outdoor Insect Killer lambda cyhalothrin
Spectracide® Terminate® Termite & Carpenter Ant Killer 2 lambda cyhalothrin
St. Gabriel Organics Insect Dust - Diatomaceous Earth silicon dioxide
Summit® Mosquito Dunks® bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Terro® Ant Killer Plus Multi-purpose Insect Control 2 lambda cyhalothrin
Ultra Kill™ Home Insect Killer lambda cyhalothrin
Monterey Garden Insect Spray spinosad
Natural Guard® Spinosad Landscape & Garden Insecticide spinosad
Quick Kill Mosquito Bits™ bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Safer® BioNEEM® Insecticide & Repellant azadirachtin
Safer® Insect Killing Soap potassium salt of fatty acids
Southern Ag® Bt bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Moderate hazard
Spectracide® Systemic Rose & Flowering Shrub Insect Control & Fertilizer dinotefuran
Spectracide® Systemic Tree & Shrub Insect Control & Fertilizer dinotefuran
HotShot® Ultra Liquid Ant Bait dinotefuran
Orange Guard® Orange Guard Kills on Contact d-limonene
Highest hazard
Bayer Advanced™ Natria™ Insect, Disease, & Mite Killer sulfur, pyrethrins
Corry's® Bug Bait metaldehyde, carbaryl
Green Light® Rose Defense® II RTU neem oil, pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Lilly Miller® Systemic Rose, Shrub & Flower Care acephate
Ortho® Bug-Geta® Plus Slug, Snail and Insect Killer metaldehyde, carbaryl
Ortho® elementals™ 3-in-1 Rose & Flower Care sulfur, pyrethrins
Ortho® Orthenex® Insect & Disease Control Aerosol acephate, triforine, resmethrin
Spectracide® Immunox® Plus Insect & Disease Control myclobutanil, permethrin
Bayer Advanced™ Tree & Shrub Protect & Feed Concentrate imidacloprid
Spectracide® Immunox® 3-in-1 Insect & Disease Control Plus Fertilizer myclobutanil, permethrin
Spectracide® Immunox® Plus Insect & Disease Control Concentrate myclobutanil, permethrin
Chemsico Real Kill Ant Killer 2 bioallethrin (allethrin), lambda cyhalothrin
Garden Tech™ Sevin-5® Dust carbaryl
Garden Tech™ Sevin® carbaryl
Hi-Yield® Kill-A-Bug II Lawn Granules permethrin
Lilly Miller® Grasshopper, Earwig, Cutworm & Sowbug Bait carbaryl
Master Nursery® Pest Fighter® Rose & Flower Insect Spray RTU permethrin, tetramethrin
Ortho® Ant-B-Gon® Bait propoxur
Ortho® Ant-B-Gon® dust permethrin
Ortho® Bug-B-Gon® MAX® Garden & Landscape Insect Killer RTU esfenvalerate
Ortho® Bug-B-Gon® MAX® Insect Killer for Lawns Granules bifenthrin
Ortho® Home Defense MAX™ Ant Bait propoxur
Ortho® Home Defense MAX® Insect Killer Granules bifenthrin
Ortho® Home Defense MAX® Perimeter & Indoor Insect Killer bifenthrin
Ortho® MAX® Lawn and Garden Insect Killer Granules bifenthrin
Ortho® Mosquito-B-Gon® area repellent permethrin, tetramethrin
Ortho® Rose & Flower Insect Killer1 bifenthrin
Ortho® Season Long Control Insect Killer for Lawns bifenthrin
Ortho® Total Kill™ Brand Lawn & Garden Insect Killer bifenthrin
Raid® Ant Baits III avermectin
Raid® Double Control Ant Baits II avermectin
Raid® Outdoor Ant Spikes avermectin
Real Kill® Wasp & Hornet Killer 2 bioallethrin (allethrin), lambda cyhalothrin
Safer® Flying Insect Killer d-limonene, pyrethrins, potassium salt of fatty acids
Safer® Tomato & Vegetable Insect Killer II RTU potassium salt of fatty acids, pyrethrins
Safer® Yard & Garden Insect Killer II potassium salt of fatty acids, pyrethrins
Scotts® GrubEx® Season-Long Grub Control imidacloprid
Scotts® Ortho Max Garden & Landscape Insect Killer esfenvalerate
Spectracide® Ant Shield® Home Barrier Granules permethrin
Spectracide® Ant Shield® Home Barrier Insect Killer 2 piperonyl butoxide (PBO), pyrethrins, permethrin
Spectracide® Commercial Wasp & Hornet Killer 2 electrically non-conducting tetramethrin, permethrin, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
SpectracidePRO® Wasp & Hornet Killer tetramethrin, permethrin, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Surefire® Crawling Insect Killer d-limonene, pyrethrins, potassium salt of fatty acids
TAT® Ant Bait propoxur
Terro® Ant Killer Outdoor permethrin, tetramethrin
Terro® Ant Killer Plus Outdoor Multi-purpose Insect Control permethrin
Terro® Carpenter Ant + Termite Killer Spray permethrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Terro® Spider Killer Spray permethrin, pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Bayer Advanced™ Fruit, Citrus & Vegetable Insect Control imidacloprid
Garden Tech™ Sevin® Concentrate Bug Killer carbaryl
Hi-Yield® 38 Plus Turf, Termite & Ornamental permethrin
Ortho® Bug-B-Gon® MAX® Lawn & Garden Insect Killer concentrate bifenthrin
Ortho® Home Defense MAX® Perimeter Insect Killer bifenthrin
Ortho® Home Defense MAX® Termite and destructive bug killer concentrate bifenthrin
Ortho® Malathion Plus® Insect Spray Concentrate malathion
Ortho® MAX® Tree & Shrub Insect Control imidacloprid
Ortho® Total Kill™ Brand Lawn and Garden Insect Killer Concentrate permethrin
Pre-strike® Mosquito Torpedo™ methoprene
Repel® Outdoor Fogger Camp Fogger tetramethrin, permethrin, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Scotts® Outdoor Defense Insect Killer - Area Fogger permethrin, tetramethrin
Spectracide® Bug Stop® for Gardens pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Spectracide® Carpenter Ant and Termite Killer permethrin
Spectracide® Garden Insect Killer pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Spectracide® Immunox® Lawn Disease Control Concentrate myclobutanil
Spectracide® Malathion Insect Spray malathion
Terro® Carpenter Ant + Termite Killer concentrate permethrin
Terro® Mosquito Killer Yard & Patio Fogger permethrin, tetramethrin
Snails and slugs
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Homemade slug and snail traps using inverted melon rinds, boards, beer, etc.
Pick and squish
Contech SlugsAway® Electronic Slug and Snail Fence electric charge
Corry's® Slug & Snail Copper Tape Barrier copper barrier
Oak Stump Farms® Slug Lure bait
Oak Stump Farms® Slug Trap bait
Safer® Slug & Snail Copper Barrier Tape copper barrier
Slug-X Trap beer
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Gardens Alive!® Escar-Go!® Supreme™ Insect, Slug & Snail Bait iron phosphate, spinosad
Monterey Sluggo Plus® Insect, Slug, and Snail Pellets iron phosphate, spinosad
Bayer Advanced™ Dual Action Snail & Slug Killer Bait iron phosphate
Garden Safe® Brand Slug & Snail Bait iron phosphate
Gardens Alive!® Escar-Go!® Slug & Snail Bait iron phosphate
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Ferramol Slug & Snail Bait iron phosphate
Monterey Sluggo® iron phosphate
Ortho® elementals™ Slug & Snail Killer iron phosphate
Highest hazard
Cooke® Pest Granules carbaryl, metaldehyde
Lilly Miller® Slug, Snail & Insect Killer Bait carbaryl, metaldehyde
Corry's® Liquid Slug & Snail Control metaldehyde
Corry's® Slug & Snail Death (3.25) metaldehyde
Corry's® Slug & Snail Death (original & pellets) metaldehyde
Corry's® Slug & Snail Pellets (MP) metaldehyde
Deadline® Force II™ Slug & Snail Killer metaldehyde
Deadline® Rain Tough™ Slug & Snail Killer metaldehyde
Eliminator® Snail & Slug Bait II metaldehyde
Lilly Miller® Slug & Snail Bait metaldehyde
Lilly Miller® Snail & Slug Mini-Pellets metaldehyde
Lilly Miller® Snail & Slug Spray RTU metaldehyde
Ortho® Bug-Geta® Snail & Slug Killer metaldehyde
Lilly Miller® Hose 'n Go Slug & Snail Spray metaldehyde
Disease
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Avoid overhead watering
Compost tea applications may help prevent diseases
Plant in right sun location, provide good air circulation
Plant resistant varieties
Remove and destroy infected leaves and branches; sterilize pruners between cuts
Low-toxicity pesticides, EPA exempt
Lowest hazard
Dr. Earth® 3-Controls™ Organic Fungicide cloves & clove oil
Organocide™ Organic Insecticide & Fungicide sesame & sesame oil
Pharm Solutions Flower Pharm cottonseed oil, rosemary & rosemary oil, cinnamon & cinnamon oil
EcoSmart Organic™ Garden Fungicide 2 rosemary & rosemary oil, thyme & thyme oil
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Bonide® Rose™ Rx 3 in 1 neem oil
Garden Safe® Brand Fungicide 3® RTU neem oil
Green Light® Rose Defense™ RTU neem oil
Lilly Miller® Multi-Purpose Fungicide RTU sulfur
Safer® 3 in 1 Garden Spray 2 RTU potassium salt of fatty acids, sulfur
Garden Safe® Brand Fungicide 3® Concentrate neem oil
Green Light® Rose Defense™ Concentrate neem oil
Hi-Yield® Dusting Wettable Sulfur sulfur
Concern® Copper Soap Fungicide copper octanoate (copper salt of fatty acid)
Lilly Miller® Cueva™ Copper Soap Fungicide copper octanoate (copper salt of fatty acid)
Monterey E-rase™ RTU Powdery Mildew Control jojoba oil
Ortho® elementals™ Garden Disease Control copper octanoate (copper salt of fatty acid)
E.B. Stone™ Copper Soap Concentrate copper octanoate (copper salt of fatty acid)
Lilly Miller® Microcop® / Sta-Stuk "M"™ copper sulfate
Monterey E-rase™ Concentrate Powdery Mildew Control jojoba oil
Moderate hazard
Ortho® Rose Pride® Rose & Shrub Disease Control Concentrate triforine
Highest hazard
Bayer Advanced™ Natria™ Insect, Disease, & Mite Killer sulfur, pyrethrins
Espoma® Earth-tone® 3n 1 Disease Control RTU sulfur, pyrethrins
Green Light® Rose Defense™ II RTU neem oil, pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® 3 in 1 Garden Spray sulfur, pyrethrins
Ortho® Orthenex® Insect & Disease Control Aerosol acephate, triforine, resmethrin
Spectracide® Immunox® Plus Insect & Disease Control myclobutanil, permethrin
Espoma® Earth-tone® 3n 1 Disease Control Concentrate sulfur, pyrethrins
Bonide® Fung-onil™ Multipurpose Fungicide RTU chlorothalonil
ferti-lome® F- Stop™ myclobutanil
Garden Tech™ Daconil® Fungicide chlorothalonil
Green Light® Fung-Away® Systemic Lawn Fungicide myclobutanil
Spectracide® Immunox® Lawn Disease Control myclobutanil
Bonide® Infuse Systemic Disease Control propiconazole
ferti-lome® Liquid Systemic Fungicide propiconazole
Garden Tech™ Daconil® Fungicide Concentrate chlorothalonil
Monterey Fruit Tree & Vegetable Ornamental Fungicide chlorothalonil
Ortho® elementals™ 3-in-1 Rose & Flower Care sulfur, pyrethrins
Ortho® Lawn Disease Control propiconazole
Ortho® MAX® Garden Disease Control chlorothalonil
Weeds - Pre-Emergent
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Aerate and overseed lawns to improve lawn health
Fertilize moderately in May and September
Flame and heat weeding tools - use fire safety practices
Mow high, mow often, leave the clippings
Mulch - compost, wood chips, bark, natural products
Plant thickly
Shrink the lawn
Water deeply but infrequently
Weeding tools - long-handled, hori hori, trowel, etc.
Low-toxicity pesticides, EPA exempt
Lowest hazard
Bradfield Organics® Luscious Lawn Granulated Corn Gluten corn gluten meal
Concern® Weed Prevention Plus® corn gluten meal
Down to Earth Corn Weed Blocker corn gluten meal
Espoma Organic® Weed Preventer Plus Lawn Food corn gluten meal
Preen® Vegetable Garden Weed Preventer corn gluten meal
EPA-registered pesticide products
Moderate hazard
Schultz™ Supreme Green™ Crabgrass Preventer with Fertilizer dithiopyr
Vigoro® Premium Mulch with Weed Stop® dithiopyr
Vigoro® Ultra Turf™ Pre-emergent Crabgrass & Weed Control dithiopyr
Highest hazard
Miracle Gro® Garden Weed Preventer & Plant Food® trifluralin
Miracle Gro® Shake n Feed® All-Purpose Plant Food plus Weed Preventer trifluralin
Preen® Garden Weed Preventer + Plant Food trifluralin
Preen® Mulch Plus® trifluralin, isoxaben
Preen® Weed Preventer with Brilliant Blooms™ Fertilizer trifluralin
Green Light® Portrait® Broadleaf Weed Preventer isoxaben
Lilly Miller® Casoron® Granules dichlobenil
Lilly Miller® Noxall® Vegetation Killer dichlobenil
Preen® Garden Weed Preventer trifluralin
Monterey Weed Impede™ oryzalin
Weeds - Selective, Post-Emergent
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Ortho® EcoSense Brand Lawn Weed Killer iron HEDTA
Ortho® elementals™ Lawn Weed Killer iron HEDTA
Moderate hazard
Bayer Advanced™ Brush Killer Plus RTU triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Lilly Miller® Brush, Blackberry & Vine Brush Killer RTU triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Ortho® MAX® Poison Ivy & Tough Brush Killer RTU triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Bayer Advanced™ Brush Killer Plus Concentrate triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Green Light® Cut Vine & Stump Killer triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Image® from Lilly Miller® Brush & Vine Killer triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Lilly Miller® Blackberry & Brush Killer triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Ortho® MAX® Poison Ivy & Tough Brush Concentrate triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Ortho® Weed-B-Gon® Chickweed, Clover and Oxalis Killer for Lawns triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Highest hazard
Lilly Miller® Ultra-Green Weed & Feed 2,4-D DMA (dimethylamine salt), MCPA dimethylamine salt, dicamba dimethylamine salt
Scotts® Lawn Pro® Super Turf Builder® with PLUS 2® Weed Control 2,4-D acid, MCPP-p
Scotts® Turf Builder® WinterGuard With PLUS 2® Weed Control 2,4-D acid, MCPP-p
Scotts® Turf Builder® with PLUS 2® Weed Control 2,4-D acid, MCPP-p
Vigoro® SuperGreen® Lawn Fertilizer Plus X-tended Weed Control 2,4-D acid, MCPP-p, dicamba
Vigoro® Ultra Turf™ Phosphorus-Free Weed & Feed 2,4-D [2EHE] (2-ethylhexyl ester), MCPP-p, dicamba
Vigoro® Ultra Turf™ Phosphorus-Free Winterizer Weed & Feed 2 2,4-D acid, MCPP-p, dicamba
ACE® Spot Weed Killer 2 2,4-D DMA (dimethylamine salt), MCPP-p, dicamba dimethylamine salt
Bonide® Poison Ivy & Brush Killer BK-32 RTU MCPA dimethylamine salt, triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt), dicamba dimethylamine salt
Bonide® Weed Beater Lawn Spot Weeder RTU 2,4-D acid, MCPP-p, dicamba
ferti-lome® Ready-To-Use Over-The-Top Grass Killer fluazifop-P-butyl
Ortho® Grass-B-Gon® Garden Grass Killer fluazifop-P-butyl
Ortho® Weed-B-Gon® Crabgrass Killer for Lawns calcium acid methanearsonate (CAMA)
Scotts® Halts® Crabgrass Preventer pendimethalin
Ortho® Weed-B-Gon® Max™ MCPA dimethylamine salt, triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt), dicamba dimethylamine salt
Schultz® Lawn Weed Killer Concentrate 2,4-D DMA (dimethylamine salt), MCPA dimethylamine salt, dicamba dimethylamine salt
Weeds - NonSelective, Post-Emergent
Low-toxicity pesticides, EPA exempt
Lowest hazard
Perfectly Natural™ Weed 'n Grass Killer citric acid, cloves & clove oil
St. Gabriel Laboratories BurnOut II Weed & Grass Killer Concentrate citric acid, cloves & clove oil
St. Gabriel Laboratories BurnOut II Weed & Grass Killer RTU citric acid, cloves & clove oil
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Bayer Advanced™ Natria™ Gass & Weed Killer ammonium salt of fattyacids
Concern® Fast-Acting Weed Killer® ammonium salt of fattyacids
Eliminator® Weed & Grass Killer II RTU glyphosate
Garden Safe® Brand Garden Safe Brand Weed & Grass Killer ammonium salt of fattyacids
Monsanto Roundup® Sure Shot® Foam glyphosate, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid)
Monsanto Roundup® Weed & Grass Killer RTU Plus glyphosate, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid)
Ortho® Total Kill® Brand Weed & Grass Killer RTU glyphosate, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid)
Safer® Fast Acting Weed & Grass Killer RTU potassium salt of fatty acids
Monsanto Roundup® Weed & Grass Killer Super Concentrate glyphosate
Ortho® Total Kill Brand Weed & Grass Killer Super Concentrate glyphosate
Moderate hazard
Monsanto Roundup® Extended Control® Weed & Grass Killer Plus Weed Preventer 2 RTU glyphosate, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), imazapic
Monsanto Roundup® Extended Control® Weed & Grass Killer Plus Weed Preventer RTU glyphosate, imazapic
Ortho® GroundClear® Complete Vegetation Killer RTU imazapyr, glyphosate
Ortho® GroundClear® Complete Vegetation Killer Concentrate imazapyr, glyphosate
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Weed & Grass Killer for Organic Gardening RTU d-limonene
Monsanto Roundup® Poison Ivy Plus Tough Brush Killer RTU triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt), glyphosate
Monsanto Roundup® Wild Blackberry plus Vine & Brush Killer glyphosate, triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt)
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Weed & Grass Killer for Organic Gardening Concentrate d-limonene
Monsanto Roundup® Poison Ivy & Tough Brush Killer Plus Concentrate triclopyr TEA (triethylamine salt), glyphosate
Natures Avenger® Organic Herbicide Concentrate Weed Controller d-limonene
Highest hazard
Ortho® Season-Long® Grass & Weed Killer RTU oxyfluorfen, glyphosate
Monsanto Roundup® Extended Control® Weed & Grass Killer Plus Weed Preventer Concentrate glyphosate, diquat dibromide, imazapic
Ortho® Season-Long® Max Weed & Grass Killer Plus Preventer Concentrate oxyfluorfen, diquat dibromide, glyphosate
Spectracide® Weed & Grass Killer RTU diquat dibromide, fluazifop-P-butyl, dicamba dimethylamine salt
Monsanto Roundup® Weed & Grass Killer Concentrate Plus diquat dibromide, glyphosate
Spectracide® TripleStrike Grass Weed Root Killer2 Concentrate diquat dibromide, fluazifop-P-butyl, dicamba dimethylamine salt
Spectracide® Weed & Grass Killer Concentrate 2 diquat dibromide, fluazifop-P-butyl, dicamba
Moss - Lawns
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Correct acidity problems with lime after soil test
Correct drainage problems
Correct fertility problems
Reduce shade
Shrink the lawn, don't try to grow grass where moss grows
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Lilly Miller® Moss Out!™ Plus Fertilizer ferrous sulfate (monohydrate)
NuLife Rid-Moss® ferrous sulfate (monohydrate)
Scotts® Turf Builder® with Moss Control ferrous sulfate
TurfKing™ Lawn Fertilizer & Moss Control ferrous sulfate (monohydrate)
Vigoro® Ultra Turf™ Moss-Ex® Lawn Granules ferrous sulfate (monohydrate)
Lilly Miller® Moss Out!™ Spot Treater RTU ferric sulfate
Scotts® Moss Control Granules for Lawns ferrous sulfate (monohydrate)
TurfKing™ Lawn Moss Control ferrous sulfate (monohydrate)
Lilly Miller® Moss Out!™ For Lawns Concentrate ferric sulfate
Moss - Structures
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Hand tools, blower, pressure washer
Prune overhanging trees to increase light and air circulation
Low-toxicity pesticides, EPA exempt
Lowest hazard
Lilly Miller® Moss Out!™ Roof Strips zinc metal strips
Perfectly Natural™ Moss Killer cloves & clove oil, citric acid
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Moss & Algae Control sodium lauryl sulfate, citric acid
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Lilly Miller® Moss Out!™ For Roofs & Structures ammonium salt of fattyacids
Safer® Moss & Algae Killer & Surface Cleaner RTU II potassium salt of fatty acids
Bayer Advanced™ 2-in-1 Moss & Algae Killer potassium salt of fatty acids
Garden Safe® Brand Moss & Algae Killer potassium salt of fatty acids
Lilly Miller® Moss Out!™ For Roofs & Walks ammonium salt of fattyacids
Monterey Herbicidal Soap Kills Moss, Algae & Weeds ammonium salt of fattyacids
Moderate hazard
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Moss & Algae Control d-limonene
Animal pests
Cultural, physical, and capture methods or mechanical methods
Lowest hazard
Bird-B-Gone Bird Spikes
Havahart® Live animal traps - all sizes
Owl Decoy/Scarecrow
Reflective Bird Tape
Scarecrow Outdoor Animal Deterrent Hose Attach
Snake Scare Crow
Snap-type mouse and rat traps
Cinch Mole Trap leg hold mole traps (illegal in WA)
d-Con® Mouse Trap
Exhart Mole Mover™ battery
Glue traps - mice & rats sticky glue
Ortho® Home Defense MAX® Kill & contain™ mouse trap
Ortho® Home Defense MAX® Secure-kill™ Rat Trap
Ortho® Home Defense Mouse Trap
Real Kill® Glue Traps
Sweeney's® Mole & Gopher Sonic Spike battery
Tomcat® Glue Traps with Eugenol sticky glue, eugenol
Tomcat® Mouse Trap Kit: no-touch trap with attractant attractant
Wiser Living™ Gopher & Mole Mover™
Low-toxicity pesticides, EPA exempt
Lowest hazard
BioDefend™ Deer & Rabbit Repellent with Extendex™ putrescent whole egg solids, sodium lauryl sulfate
Bonide® Mole Max® Mole and Vole Repellent castor oil
Bonide® Shot-Gun® Repels All® Animal Repellent dried blood, putrescent whole egg solids, garlic & garlic oil
Dr. T's Mole Out Mole Repelling Granules castor oil
Grants Sure Stop® Mole Repellent castor oil, soybean oil
Havahart® Get-Away® Mole Repellent castor oil
Lilly Miller® Mole Repellent castor oil
Lilly Miller® Worry Free® Outdoor Dog, Cat & Bird Repellent granules white pepper, thyme & thyme oil, peppermint & peppermint oil
Liquid Fence Deer & Rabbit Repellent putrescent whole egg solids, garlic & garlic oil, sodium lauryl sulfate
Messina Wildlife Deer Stopper putrescent whole egg solids, rosemary & rosemary oil, mint & mint oil
Messina Wildlife Mole & Vole Stopper castor oil, rosemary & rosemary oil, mint & mint oil
Natural Pest Solutions Deer Solution cinnamon & cinnamon oil
Plantskydd® Deer-Rabbits-Elk Repellent dried blood
Scoot® Products Mole Repellent castor oil, garlic & garlic oil
Shake Away™ Deer Repellent garlic & garlic oil
Shake Away™ Rodent Repellent garlic & garlic oil
Sweeney's® Mole & Gopher Repellent castor oil
Uncle Ian's Mole & Gopher, deer, rabbit & squirrel repellent dried blood
EPA-registered pesticide products
Lowest hazard
Sweeney's® Mole & Gopher Repellent castor oil
Highest hazard
Bonide® Moletox II ® Mole & Golpher Killer zinc phosphide
Bonide® Moletox® Baited Gel warfarin
d-Con® Bait Pellets Kills Rats + Mice brodifacoum
d-Con® Mouse-Prufe® II brodifacoum
d-Con® Rat & Mouse Bait Blocks Mini-Blocks difethialone
d-Con® Ready Mixed Bait Bits Kills Mice + Rats brodifacoum
Farnam Just One Bite™ II Bait Chunks bromadiolone
Farnam Just One Bite™ Rat + Mouse Bait Bar bromadiolone
Grants Sure Stop® Mole & Gopher Bait zinc phosphide
Kaput® Mole Gel Bait warfarin
Nott® Mole - Nots zinc phosphide
Real Kill® Rat & Mouse Killer All Weather Bars bromethalin
Sure Stop® Mole & Gopher Bait zinc phosphide
Sweeney's® No Mess Paste Bait difethialone
Sweeney's® Poison Peanuts zinc phosphide
Tomcat® Mouse Killer II bromethalin
Tomcat® Ultra Pelleted Mouse & Rat Bait bromadiolone
Tomcat® Ultra pre-filled bait trays bromadiolone
Victor® Mouse Bait Packs bromadiolone
Victor® Rat & Mouse Place Packs bromadiolone
Soil amendments
Not applicable
 Descriptions for use recommendations or concerns
Alfalfa meal Great all-purpose fertilizer and amendment with 2 percent to 3 percent nitrogen and a range of other nutrients; pelleted form is less dusty.
Azomite® Provides a broad array of trace minerals.
Blood meal About 12 percent nitrogen; use carefully to prevent overfertilization or runoff.
Bone meal Use as a phosphorus source (about 12 percent).
Coir (coconut fiber) Improves drainage; great worm bin bedding; replaces peat moss in potting mixes.
Compost Best all-around soil conditioner; adds beneficial soil organisms that generate plant nutrients long after application; improves drainage and water-holding capacity; provides varying amounts of all plant nutrients – amounts depend on what materials compost is made from and how it is handled; buffers soil pH so effects of acid and alkaline conditions are reduced; improves nutrient exchange capacity.
Compost tea Aerated compost tea is used as a soil drench or foliar application to add beneficial organisms and some soluble nutrients without the schlepping required with actual compost; compost extracts are simple cold infusions of compost without aeration and can provide some of the benefits of compost tea.
Corn gluten meal Contains about 10 percent nitrogen; also used as a pre-emergent weed killer, but moisture reduces its herbicide effect.
Cottonseed meal Contains about 7 percent nitrogen but is not recommended because of the likelihood of pesticide residues.
Crushed rock (quarter-ten) Crushed rock of a size ranging from a quarter to a tenth of an inch without the powdery fines; folded into clay soil, it improves drainage; spread thinly over lawns, it makes great top-dressing.
Fish meal (or pellets) Contains about 10 percent nitrogen and 6 percent phosphorus.
Glacial rock dust Great source of trace minerals.
Green manures (cover crops) Legumes and grasses grown and then tilled into the soil to add nutrients and organic matter; fava beans, vetch, rye and clover are common.
Greensand Great potassium and trace mineral source from mined marine deposits.
Gypsum Good source of calcium for soils that are alkaline or neutral in pH; also provides sulfur; helps improve drainage only in soils uncommonly high in sodium.
Humic acid One of the key components of finished compost and an excellent enhancer of soil nutrient exchange, biological activity and structure.
Hydrogels (soil crystals) Gels or crystals made from polyacrylamide are not recommended for garden uses because they can degrade into toxic acrylamide; cornstarch-based gels are fine; compost and mulch are great alternatives.
Iron Though common in synthetic fertilizers, soluble iron is typically not needed and can permanently stain cement walkways.
Kelp meal Great source of trace minerals and potassium; contains natural growth stimulating hormones.
Legume inoculants Added to soil or seed before planting beans and peas; live bacteria form nodules on roots and capture nitrogen from the air to reduce or replace fertilizer needs.
Lime Used to increase pH of acid soils; avoid lime described as “quick,” “slaked” or “hydrated,” for it can harm soil organisms; ground limestone, agricultural lime and oyster shell lime are more gentle and equally effective; provides calcium for acid soils.
Manures Barnyard manures including horse, cow, goat, chicken and rabbit provide macro- and micronutrients and are a good source of bulk soil conditioner; be sure they are well composted first, for weed seeds and human pathogens may otherwise be present; nutrient content varies by source, bedding materials and treatment during composting; avoid pet manures, which commonly contain human pathogens.
Mycorrhizal inoculants Applied to the soil as powders or solutions to inoculate roots of trees, shrubs and other plants; effectively extend root systems for improved nutrient and water absorption.
Peat moss Used as amendment to improve drainage and as a component of potting mix; harvested from nonrenewable ancient deposits in sensitive bog ecosystems; compost or coir are great alternatives.
Perlite White expanded volcanic rock used to improve drainage, especially in potting mixes.
Pumice Used as a bulk soil amendment to improve drainage in heavy clay soils.
Sand Used as a bulk soil amendment to improve drainage in heavy clay soils; used to top-dress lawns; avoid beach sand, which could add soil-damaging salts.
Sulfur Elemental sulfur is sometimes used to lower pH in relatively rare cases of alkaline soil or sulfur deficiency; sometimes used in synthetic fertilizers as a coating for making material more slow-release; also contained in gypsum.
Vermiculite Absorbent material made from expanded mica; used in some potting mixes and may contain asbestos; use compost instead, or be sure to avoid inhaling the dust by keeping it moist, using in a well-ventilated area or wearing a dust mask.
Wood ash Contains potassium (about 6 percent) and phosphorus (about 25 percent), but use sparingly – it typically contains harmful salts and increases pH.
Worm castings Compared to compost, they are more like a fertilizer than a bulk soil amendment, because they typically contain more macronutrients; also typically a good source of trace minerals; nutrient content varies by materials composted, bedding and handling.
Fertilizers - Lawns
Not applicable
 Percent
Slow Release		N-P-K
(nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium)
Bradfield Organics® Luscious Lawn™ & Garden
100%
3-1-5
Bradfield Organics® Luscious Lawn™ Corn Gluten Organic Fertilizer
100%
9-0-0
Concern® Weed Prevention Plus®
100%
8-2-4
Whitney Farms® 100% Natural Lawn Food
93.8%
8-2-4
Espoma® Organic Weed Preventer Plus Lawn Food
91.4%
9-0-0
Scotts® Natural Lawn Food
90.9%
11-2-2
Happy Frog® Premium Lawn Fertilizer
90%
8-2-6
WorryFree® by Lilly Miller® Fall & Winter Lawn Food
90%
4-2-8
WorryFree® by Lilly Miller® Spring & Summer Lawn Food
90%
5-2-4
Down to Earth Bio-Turf®
87.5%
8-3-5
Ringer® Lawn Restore®
76%
10-2-6
Espoma® Organic Lawn Food
58.6%
7-2-2
Perfect Blend® Organics Organic-Based Lawn Fertilizer
37.5%
8-5-5
Lilly Miller® Ultragreen® Fall & Winter Lawn Food
25%
24-4-12
Lilly Miller® Ultragreen® Lawn Food
25% **
28-2-3
Scotts® Starter Fertilizer
25% **
20-27-5
Sta-Green® Phosphorous Free Lawn Fertilizer w/ 2% iron
23.4% **
29-0-5
Scotts® Turf Builder® Lawn Fertilizer
22.4% **
29-2-4
Sta-Green® Phosphorus-free Winterizer Lawn Fertilizer
22.3% **
22-0-14
TurfKing™ Fall and Winter Lawn Fertilizer
15% **
23-3-6
TurfKing™ Lawn Fertilizer
15% **
25-2-3
Lilly Miller® Seed & Sod Starter
4.4%
18-16-10
Master Nursery® Master Green™ Lawn Food
0%
25-6-4
Miracle Gro® Water-soluble Lawn Food
0%
36-6-6
Perfection Brand Ammonium Sulfate
0%
21-0-0
Terracycle Lawn Fertilizer Liquefied Worm Poop
0%
5-1-1
Vigoro® Ammonium Sulfate
0%
21-0-0
Fertilizers - General Purpose
Not applicable
 Percent
Slow Release		N-P-K
(nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium)
Dr Earth® Organic Rose & Flower Fertilizer
100%
5-7-2
Dr Earth® Organic Tomato, Vegetable & Herb Fertilizer
100%
5-7-3
Dynamite® All Purpose Indoor & Outdoor Fertilizer
100% **
18-6-8
Dynamite® Flowers & Vegetables
100% **
13-13-13
Homemade organic fertilzer (see recipe)
100%
3-2-6
Lilly Miller® Bone Meal
100%
6-12-0
Miracle-Gro® Organic Choice® Blood Meal
100%
12-0-0
Miracle-Gro® Organic Choice® Bone Meal
100%
6-9-0
Sweet Earth® Acid Lovers™ Fertilizer
100%
4-5-2
Sweet Earth® Total Advantage™ All Purpose Fertilizer
100%
4-4-4
Whitney Farms® All Purpose Plant Food
100%
5-5-5
Whitney Farms® All-Natural Plant Food
100%
5-1-5
Whitney Farms® Azalea, Camellia and Rhododendron Food
100%
5-5-3
Whitney Farms® Bulb Food
100%
4-6-4
Whitney Farms® Rose & Flower Food
100%
4-6-2
Whitney Farms® Tomato and Vegetable Food
100%
4-5-3
Dynamite® Organic Mater Magic Premium Plant Food
96.2%
8-5-5
Alaska® Sprayable All-purpose Plant Food
94.4%
9-4-4
Walt's Organics Rainy Pacific Northwest Blend
92.9%
7-4-9
Black Gold® Multicote® Controlled Release Fertilizer
90% **
15-7-15
Lilly Miller® Multicote™ Outdoor-Indoor Plant Food
90% **
18-6-12
Lilly Miller® Multicote™ Rose & Flower Food
90% **
14-14-16
Schultz® Extended Feed Flower & Vegetable Plant Food
90% **
17-17-17
Schultz® Extended Feed Flower and Vegetable Plant Food
90% **
17-17-17
Vigoro® Timed-Release All Purpose Plant Food
90% **
19-6-12
Vigoro® Timed-Release Flower & Vegetable Plant Food
90% **
17-17-17
Vigoro® Tree, Shrub, & Evergreen Food
90% **
16-4-8
Sta-Green® All-Purpose Slow Release Plant Food
89.5% **
19-6-12
hendrikus organics Organobloom™ Organobloom™ 5-2-4
87%
5-2-4
Osmocote® Smart Release® Plant Food: Flower & Vegetable
85.7% **
14-14-14
Osmocote® Smart Release® Plant Food: Multipurpose Plant Food
84.7% **
15-9-12
Osmocote® Smart Release® Outdoor-Indoor Plant Food
84.2% **
19-6-12
Down to Earth Vegan Mix
83.3%
3-2-2
hendrikus organics Complete™ Complete™ 6-4-4
83.3%
6-4-4
Dr Earth® Organic All Purpose Fertilizer
80%
5-5-5
E.B. Stone™ All Purpose Plant Food
80%
5-5-5
Grow More All Purpose Soil Builder
80%
5-5-5
Zoom!® Organic Garden Food
80%
4-6-4
hendrikus organics Seasons™ Seasons™ 8-2-4
75%
8-2-4
Lilly Miller® Compost Maker Plus
75%
4-4-2
Lilly Miller® Vita-Start® Transplanting Fertilizer with Vitamin B1
75%
2-4-2
Espoma® Flower-tone® for annuals and perennials
73.3%
3-4-5
Espoma® Garden-tone® for Vegetables
73.3%
3-4-4
Black Gold® Azalea, Camellia & Rhododendron Fertilizer
72%
5-5-3
Black Gold® All Purpose Fertilizer
70%
5-5-5
Down to Earth Bio-Live
70%
5-4-2
Miracle-Gro® Shake 'n Feed® Continuous Release All Purpose Fertilizer
70% **
10-10-10
Black Gold ® Tomato and Vegetable Fertilizer
67.5%
4-5-3
Miracle-Gro® Shake 'n Feed® Continuous Release Rose Plant Food
66.7% **
9-18-9
Vigoro® All Purpose Plant Food
66.7% **
12-5-7
Black Gold ® Rose and Flower Fertilizer
65%
4-6-2
Down to Earth Tree & Shrub Mix
65%
4-2-2
Espoma® Rose-tone®
65%
4-3-2
Espoma® Holly-tone® for Acid Loving Plants
62.5%
4-3-4
Lilly Miller® Bulb and Bloom Food
62.5%
4-10-10
Espoma® Plant-tone® for Organic Gardening
60%
5-3-3
Espoma® Tree-tone®
60%
6-3-2
Miracle-Gro® Organic Choice® All Purpose Organic Plant Food
60%
7-1-2
Scotts® Rose & Bloom Continuous-Release Plant Food
54.2% **
12-4-8
Vigoro® Tomato & Vegetable Plant Food + minors
54.2% **
12-10-5
Holland Bulb Booster Fetilizer
52.2% **
9-9-6
Perfect Blend® Organics All Purpose Organic Fertilizer
51.7%
4-4-4
Lilly Miller® Morcrop Tomato and Vegetable Food
50%
5-10-10
Sta-Green® Azalea Camellia & Rhododendron Plant Food
50% **
14-7-7
Lilly Miller® Rose and Flower Food
48%
5-8-4
Lilly Miller® Ultragreen® Tomato & Vegetable Food
48%
5-10-10
Vigoro® Rose Plant Food plus minors
34.2% **
12-6-10
hendrikus organics Spring Nitrogen™ Spring Nitrogen™ 10-1-2
34%
10-1-2
Terracycle All Purpose Plant Food
33.3%
0.03-0.002-0.02
Lilly Miller® Azalea Camellia & Rhody Food
28%
10-5-4
Lilly Miller® Rhododendron, Evergreen, and Azalea Food
28%
10-5-4
Neptune's Harvest Fish and Seaweed Fertilizer
25%
2-3-1
Dr Earth® Liquid Solution!™ Concentrate
20%
3-3-3
Lilly Miller® All Purpose Planting and Growing Food
20%
10-10-10
Lilly Miller® Ultragreen® All Purpose Plant Food
17% **
10-10-10
Drammatic® O All Natural Fish Fertilizer
15.5%
2-5-0.2
Alaska® Fish Fertilizer
15%
5-1-1
TurfKing™ All Purpose Plant Food
15% **
12-12-12
TurfKing™ Azalea, Camellia, and Rhododendron
15% **
4-12-10
TurfKing™ Rose & Flower Food
15% **
4-10-8
TurfKing™ Tomato and Vegetable Food
15% **
4-10-10
Vigoro® All Purpose Water Soluble Plant Food
11.3%
24-8-16
Green All (E.B. Stone™) Sure Start
3.6%
5-20-10
Al's All purpose Water Soluble Fertilizer
0%
20-9-20
Alaska® Morbloom
0%
0-10-10
Colorburst® Flowering Plant Food
0%
10-15-10
Dyna-Gro™ Liquid Bloom Plant Food
0%
3-12-6
Dyna-Gro™ Liquid Grow Plant Food
0%
7-9-5
Fox Farm Big Bloom® Liquid Plant Food
0%
0.01-0.3-0.7
Fox Farm Cha Ching®
0%
9-50-10
Fox Farm Grow Big® Liquid Plant Food
0%
6-4-4
Fox Farm Open Sesame®
0%
5-45-19
Ironite® Ironite Plus with 2% iron
0%
12-10-10
Ironite® Liquid Lawn and Garden Spray
0%
6-2-1
Lilly Miller® All Purpose Lawn and Garden Food
0%
16-16-16
Lilly Miller® Vita-Bloom™
0%
0-10-10
Miracle-Gro® Liquafeed® Bloom Booster® Flower Food
0%
12-9-6
Miracle-Gro® Quick start Planting and Transplant Starting Solution
0%
4-12-4
Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food
0%
24-8-16
Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble Azalea, Camellia, Rhododendron Plant Food
0%
30-10-10
Miracle-Gro® Water soluble Bloom Booster Flower Food
0%
15-30-15
Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble Rose Plant Food
0%
18-24-16
Miracle-Gro® Water Soluble Tomato Plant Food
0%
18-18-21
Monty's Joy Juice Liquid Plant Food Growth Formula
0%
8-16-8
Peter's® Professional All Purpose Plant Food
0%
24-8-16
Pharm Solutions Fish Pharm Salmon Plant Food
0%
0.09-0.02-0.02
Portland Nursery Water Soluble All Purpose Plant Food
0%
20-20-20
Portland Rose Society Rose Society Fertilizer™
0%
15-10-10
Spoonit® Premium Soluble Fuchsia Food
0%
14-16-10
Vigoro® All Purpose Fertilizer
0%
16-16-16
Vigoro® Azalea, Camellia & Rhododendron Plant Food
0%
30-10-10